Water cooling plates in power electronics perform two jobs at once: they remove heat from IGBT modules, MOSFET arrays, i…

Electric vehicle liquid cooling plates need sealed internal channels that remain leak-tight through years of thermal cyc…

Aluminum battery housing welding has moved from a sheet metal joining step to a structural and thermal qualification pro…

EV battery tray friction stir welding is not a conventional aluminum seam weld. Leak tightness, distortion control, and …

Friction stir welding aluminum extrusions versus rolled plate is rarely about the alloy itself. A 6061-T6 profile and a …

Friction stir welding cast aluminum depends more on what happens before welding than on the weld parameters themselves. …

Metal-matrix composites give designers high specific stiffness and wear resistance, but the ceramic reinforcement that c…

Thin-sheet FSW below 1mm fails for a predictable reason: the rotating shoulder adds more heat than the thin aluminum env…

FSW maximum weldable thickness is not a fixed value that transfers from one machine specification to another. It is a bo…

Aluminum-to-steel FSW only becomes production-ready when the intermetallic layer is treated as a controlled process outp…